National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2013
Chapter 8: Text Descriptions
Figure 8.1. Potentially avoidable hospitalization rates, by race/ethnicity and area income, 2001-2010
| Race / Ethnicity / Income | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (rate per 100,000) | 1,433 | 1,447 | 1,381 | 1,357 | 1,385 | 1,283 | 1,278 | 1,260 | 1,219 | 1,152 |
| Black (rate per 100,000) | 3,286 | 3,258 | 2,847 | 2,995 | 2,753 | 2,728 | 2,764 | 2,574 | 2,553 | 2,515 |
| API (rate per 100,000) | 1,051 | 1,073 | 1021 | 1,072 | 901 | 788 | 828 | 811 | 746 | 774 |
| Hispanic (rate per 100,000) | 1,712 | 2,126 | 2206 | 2,105 | 1,908 | 1,649 | 1,612 | 1,376 | 1,407 | 1,436 |
| Quartile 1 (Lowest) (rate per 100,000) | 2,107 | 2,141 | 2,211 | 2,084 | 2,090 | 2,073 | 1,988 | 1,946 | 1,932 | 1,843 |
| Quartile 2 (rate per 100,000) | 1,738 | 1,802 | 1,693 | 1,619 | 1,598 | 1,551 | 1,503 | 1,487 | 1,427 | 1,330 |
| Quartile 3 (rate per 100,000) | 1,403 | 1,507 | 1,406 | 1,338 | 1,376 | 1,288 | 1,272 | 1,248 | 1,206 | 1,171 |
| Quartile 4 (rate per 100,000) (Highest) | 1,317 | 1,263 | 1,203 | 1,193 | 1,249 | 1,155 | 1,076 | 1,097 | 1,054 | 949 |
| Total (rate per 100,000) | 1,635 | 1,684 | 1,614 | 1,559 | 1,562 | 1,502 | 1,458 | 1,433 | 1,395 | 1313 |
Key: API = Asian or Pacific Islander.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample and State Inpatient Databases disparities analysis file, and AHRQ Quality Indicators, modified version 4.1, 2001-2010.
Denominator: U.S. resident population, age 18 and over.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Annual rates are adjusted for age and gender. White, Black, and API are non-Hispanic. Income quartiles are based on median income of ZIP Code of patient's residence.
2008 Achievable Benchmark: 818
Figure 8.2. Excess number of potentially preventable hospitalizations, by race/ethnicity, 2010
| Race / Ethnicity | White | Black | Hispanic |
|---|---|---|---|
| Expected at Best Rate (hospitalizations, 1000s) | 1,266.0 | 213.0 | 257.5 |
| Excess (hospitalizations, 1000s) | 590.6 | 469.0 | 213.3 |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, HCUP State Inpatient Databases disparities analysis file, and AHRQ Quality Indicators, modified version 4.1, 2010.
Figure 8.3. Excess number of potentially preventable hospitalizations, by income, 2010
| Quartile 1 (Lowest) | Quartile 2 | Quartile 3 | Quartile 4 (Highest) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Expected at Best Rate (hospitalizations, 1000s) | 462.4 | 453.0 | 459.6 | 463.7 |
| Excess (hospitalizations, 1000s) | 622.2 | 313.7 | 225.4 | 96.5 |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, and AHRQ Quality Indicators, modified version 4.1, 2010.
Figure 8.4. Rate of emergency department visits with a principal diagnosis related to mental health and alcohol or substance abuse, per 100,000 population, by sex and area income, 2010
| Sex / Area Income | Mental Health | Substance Abuse |
|---|---|---|
| Total (per 100,000) | 1,197.0 | 510.0 |
| Male (per 100,000) | 1,137.0 | 704.0 |
| Female (per 100,000) | 1,255.0 | 321.0 |
| Quartile 1 (Lowest) (per 100,000) | 1,613.0 | 692.0 |
| Quartile 2 (per 100,000) | 1,287.0 | 499.0 |
| Quartile 3 (per 100,000) | 1,035.0 | 430.0 |
| Quartile 4 (Highest) (per 100,000) | 849.0 | 417.0 |
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Emergency Department Sample, 2010.
Denominator: U.S. population.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. Substance abuse includes visits for co-occurring substance abuse and mental health disorders.
Figure 8.5. Perforated appendixes per 1,000 admissions for appendicitis, age 18 and over, by race/ethnicity and area income, 2004-2010
| Race / Ethnicity / Income | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| White (per 1,000) | 287.8 | 282.8 | 278.9 | 271.3 | 275.7 | 275.4 | 285.0 |
| Black (per 1,000) | 308.7 | 317.3 | 323.7 | 302.1 | 298.2 | 291.7 | 303.8 |
| API (per 1,000) | 266.8 | 270.3 | 271.5 | 268.5 | 261.9 | 262.7 | 286.2 |
| Hispanic (per 1,000) | 291.8 | 283.3 | 283.9 | 276.2 | 271.9 | 258.2 | 260.8 |
| Quartile 4 (Highest) (per 1,000) | 272.5 | 270.5 | 265.1 | 257.0 | 250.0 | 266.3 | 274.2 |
| Quartile 3 (per 1,000) | 291.0 | 280.7 | 282.4 | 283.4 | 268.0 | 278.7 | 286.0 |
| Quartile 2 (per 1,000) | 302.4 | 292.8 | 292.6 | 282.9 | 281.3 | 274.9 | 295.9 |
| Quartile 1 (Lowest) (per 1,000) | 313.9 | 305.1 | 311.1 | 300.0 | 286.4 | 282.3 | 294.7 |
| Total (per 1,000) | 293.8 | 286.2 | 286.3 | 280.0 | 270.1 | 275.2 | 287.0 |
Key: API = Asian or Pacific Islander.
Source: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample and State Inpatient Databases disparities analysis file, 2004-2010.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. White, Black, and API are non-Hispanic. Hispanic includes all races.
Figure 8.6. Perforated appendixes per 1,000 admissions for appendicitis, age 18 and over, in IHS, Tribal, and contract hospitals, by age and sex, 2003-2011
| Age / Sex | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18-44 (per 1,000) | 263.6 | 268.7 | 254.8 | 247.8 | 275.4 | 219.8 | 263.5 | 208.9 | 204.8 |
| 45-64 (per 1,000) | 453.2 | 415.9 | 469.8 | 356.2 | 509.7 | 387.9 | 407.9 | 424.6 | 361.0 |
| 65+ (per 1,000) | 560.0 | 514.3 | 428.6 | 560.0 | 583.3 | 656.3 | 555.6 | 457.1 | 555.6 |
| Total (per 1,000) | 384.4 | 363.3 | 355.8 | 332.6 | 402.7 | 347.7 | 353.4 | 324.1 | 321.0 |
| Male (per 1,000) | 341.8 | 309.2 | 355.6 | 315.0 | 378.2 | 333.3 | 327.3 | 315.6 | 314.5 |
| Female (per 1,000) | 293.2 | 312.3 | 277.2 | 253.4 | 309.2 | 229.0 | 279.0 | 250.0 | 228.1 |
Source: Indian Health Service, National Patient Information Reporting System, National Data Warehouse, Workload and Population Data Mart, 2003-2011.
Note: For this measure, lower rates are better. The total for each year is age adjusted.
Page originally created May 2014
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