National Healthcare Disparities Report 2004: Table 3.4

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National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2004

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Table 3.4a. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health Care Utilization

Measure	Racial Differenceⁱ					Ethnic Differenceⁱⁱ
Measure	Black	Asian	NHOPI	AI/AN	>1 Race	Hispanic
General Medical Care
People with an office or outpatient visit in the past yearⁱⁱⁱ	↓	↓ⁱⁱⁱ		↓		↓
People with a prescription medication in the past yearⁱⁱⁱ	↓	↓ⁱⁱⁱ		=		↓
People with a dental visit in the past yearⁱⁱⁱ	↓	↓ⁱⁱⁱ		↓		↓
People with an emergency room visit in the past yearⁱⁱⁱ	↑	↓ⁱⁱⁱ		↑		↓
People with an inpatient discharge in the past yearⁱⁱⁱ	=	↓ⁱⁱⁱ		=		↓
Outpatient visits per 100 population^iv	↓	=^iv		↓
Emergency department visits per 100 population^iv	↑	↓^iv		↓
Total hospitalizations per 100 population^v	↑
Nursing Home and Home Health Care^vi
Medicare beneficiaries 65 and over with Medicare-covered home health care	↑^vi	↓^vi				↑
Medicare beneficiaries under 65 with Medicare-covered home health care	↓^vi					=
Medicare beneficiaries 65 and over with nursing home care in the past year	=^vi					↓
Medicare beneficiaries under 65 with nursing home care in the past year	↓^vi
Avoidable Admissions^vii
Admissions for hypertension per 100,000 population 18 and older	↑^vii	=^vii				↑
Admissions for angina per 100,000 population 18 and older	↑^vii	↓^vii				=
Admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease per 100,000 population 18 and older	=^vii	↓^vii				↓
Admissions for bacterial pneumonia per 100,000 population	↑^vii	↓^vii				=
Admissions for perforated appendix per 1,000 admissions with appendicitis	↑^vii	=^vii				↑

ⁱCompared with whites.
ⁱⁱCompared with non-Hispanic whites.
ⁱⁱⁱSource: Substance A buse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002.
^ivSource: National Center for Health Statistics, National Hospital Discharge Survey, 2001. This source did not collect information for >1 race separately. Missing rates preclude analysis by ethnicity.
^vSource: HIV Research Network, 2001. This source categorizes race/ethnicity ve ry differently from other sources. Race/ethnicity information is cat egorized as a single item: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander, American Indian or Alaska Native. These contrasts compare each group with non-Hispanic whites.
Key: NHOPI=Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN=American Indian or Alaska Native

Key to Symbols Used in Health Care Utilization Tables: (Note difference from other Access to Health Care Tables)::
=: Group and comparison group receive about same amount of health care.
↑Group receives more health care than the comparison group.
↓Group receives less health care than the comparison group.
Blank cell: Reliable estimate for group could not be made.

Table 3.4a. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health Care Utilization (continued)

Measure	Racial Differenceⁱ					Ethnic Differenceⁱⁱ
Measure	Black	Asian	NHOPI	AI/AN	>1 Race	Hispanic
Mental Health Care and Substance Abuse Treatmentⁱⁱⁱ
Adults who received mental health treatment or counseling in the past year	↓	↓		=	=	↓
Adults who received outpatient mental health treatment or counseling	↓	=		=	=	↓
Adults who received prescription medications for mental health treatment	↓	↓		=	=	↓
Adults who received inpatient mental health treatment or counseling	↓					=
Adults with serious mental illness who received mental health treatment or counseling	↓					↓
People age 12 and older who received illicit drug or alcohol abuse treatment in the past year	↑				=	=
People age 12 and older who needed treatment for illicit drug use and who received such treatment in the past year	=					=
HIV Care
Hospitalizations for HIV per 10,000 population^iv	↑
HIV patients with 4 or more ambulatory visits in the past year^v	↑v	=v		=		↑
HIV patients with CD4 <0 with 4 or more ambulatory visits in the past year^v	=v	^v				=
HIV patients with an inpatient hospitalization in the past year^v	↑v	=^v		=		↑
HIV patients with CD4 <50 with an inpatient hospitalization in the past year^v	=^v					=

Table 3.4b. Socioeconomic Differences in Health Care Utilization

Measure	Income Differenceⁱ			Educational Differenceⁱⁱ		Insurance Differenceⁱⁱⁱ
Measure	<100%	100-199%	200-399%	<HS	HS Grad	Uninsured
General Medical Care^iv
People with an office or outpatient visit in the past year	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
People with a prescription medication in the past year	↓	↓	↓	↓	=	↓
People with a dental visit in the past year	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓	↓
People with an emergency room visit in the past year	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑	=
People with an inpatient discharge in the past year	↑	↑	↑	↑	↑	↓
Nursing Home and Home Health Care^v
Medicare beneficiaries 65 and over with Medicare- covered home health care	↑	↑	=
Medicare beneficiaries 65 and over with nursing home care in past year	↑	↑	=
Mental Health Care and Substance Abuse Treatment^vi
Adults who received mental health treatment or counseling in the past year				↓	↓
Adults who received outpatient mental health treatment or counseling				↓	↓
Adults who received prescription medications for mental health treatment				↓	↓
Adults who received inpatient mental health treatment or counseling				↑	↑
Adults with serious mental illness who received mental health treatment or counseling				↓	↓
People age 12 and older who received illicit drug or alcohol abuse treatment in the past year				↑	↑
People age 12 and older who needed treatment for illicit drug use and who received such treatment in the past year				↑	↑

ⁱCompared with persons with fa m i ly incomes 400% of Federal pove rty threshold or above.
ⁱⁱCompared with persons with any college education.
ⁱⁱⁱCompared with persons under 65 with any private health insurance.
^ivSource: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2001.
^vSource: Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey, 2000. This source did not collect information on Asians and NHOPIs separately but in aggr egate as Asians or Pacific Islanders. This source did not collect information for >1 race.
^viSource: Substance A buse and Mental Health Services Administration, National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2002. Income and insurance disparities were not analyzed.
Key: HS=high school

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