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Racial and ethnic differences
Table 2.9a. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Effectiveness of Care: Nursing Home and Home Health Care
| Measure |
Racial Differencei |
Ethnic Differenceii |
| Black |
Asian |
NHOPI |
AI/AN |
>1 Race |
Hispanic |
| Chronic Care in Nursing Facilitiesiii |
| Long- stay nursing home residents who have moderate to severe pain |
↑iii |
↑iii |
↓ |
|
↑ |
| Long- stay nursing home residents who were physically restrained |
↑iii |
↓iii |
↓ |
|
↓ |
| Long- stay nursing home residents who spend most of their time in bed or in a chair |
↓iii |
↓iii |
= |
|
↓ |
| Long- stay nursing home residents who had a urinary tract infection |
↑iii |
↑iii |
= |
|
↑ |
| Long- stay nursing home residents who are more depressed or anxious |
↑iii |
↑iii |
↑ |
|
↑ |
| Low risk long-stay nursing home residents who lose control of their bowels or bladder |
=iii |
=iii |
↑ |
|
↑ |
| Low risk long-stay nursing home residents who had a catheter inserted and left in their bladder |
=iii |
↑iii |
↓ |
|
= |
| Post-Acute Care in Nursing Facilitiesiii |
| Short- stay nursing home residents with delirium |
↑iii |
↑iii |
= |
|
↑ |
| Short- stay nursing home residents who have moderate to severe pain |
↑iii |
↑iii |
= |
|
↑ |
| Short- stay nursing home residents who have pressure sores |
↓iii |
=iii |
= |
|
↓ |
Table 2.9a. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Effectiveness of Care: Nursing Home and Home Health Care (continued)
| Measure |
Racial Differencei |
Ethnic Differenceii |
| Black |
Asian |
NHOPI |
AI/AN |
>1 Race |
Hispanic |
| Home Health Careiv |
| Home health care patients who get better at getting dressed |
↓ |
↓ |
= |
↓ |
= |
↓ |
| Home health care patients who get better at taking their medicines correctly |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
| Home health care patients who get better at bathing |
↓ |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
| Home health care patients who don't get worse at bathing |
= |
↑ |
↑ |
= |
= |
↑ |
| Home health care patients who get better at getting in and out of bed |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
| Home health care patients who get better at walking or moving around |
= |
↑ |
↑ |
= |
= |
= |
| Home health care patients who get better at going to and from the toilet |
↓ |
= |
= |
= |
↓ |
↓ |
| Home health care patients who have less pain when moving around |
= |
↑ |
= |
= |
= |
↑ |
| Home health care patients who have less shortness of breath |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
| Home health care patients who have less urinary incontinence |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
↓ |
| Home health care patients who are confused less often |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
| Home health care patients who had to be admitted to the hospital |
↓ |
↑ |
= |
↓ |
↓ |
= |
iCompared with whites.
iiCompared with non-Hispanic whites.
iiiSource: CMS Minimum Data Set. This source categorizes race/ethnicity very differently from other sources. Race/ethnicity information is categorized as a single item: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander. Contrasts compare each group with non-Hispanic whites.
ivSource: CMS Outcome and Assessment Information Set, 2002.
Key: NHOPI=Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN=American Indian or Alaska Native
Key to Symbols Used in Quality of Health Care Tables:
=: Group and comparison group receive about same quality of health care or have similar outcomes.
↑Group receives better quality of health care than the comparison group or has better outcomes.
↓Group receives poorer quality of health care than the comparison group or has worse outcomes.
Blank cell: Reliable estimate for group could not be made.
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