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Racial and Ethnic Differences
Table 2.6a. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Effectiveness of Care: Maternal and Child Health
| Measure |
Racial Differencei |
Ethnic Differenceii |
| Black |
Asian |
NHOPI |
AI/ AN |
>1 Race |
Hispanic |
| Maternity Careiii |
| Pregnant women receiving prenatal care
in first trimester |
↓ |
= |
↓ |
↓ |
|
↓ |
| Live - born infants with low birth weight (<2,500 grams) |
↓ |
= |
= |
= |
|
= |
| Live - born infants with very low birth weight
(<1,500 grams ) |
↓ |
↑ |
↓ |
= |
|
= |
| Infant mortality per 1,000 live births, all |
↓ |
↑ |
↓ |
↓ |
|
= |
| Infant mortality per 1,000 live births,
birth weight >2,499 grams |
↓ |
↑ |
= |
↓ |
|
↑ |
| Infant mortality per 1,000 live births, birth weight
1,500-2,499 grams |
= |
↑ |
|
↓ |
|
↓ |
| Infant mortality per 1,000 live births, birth weight
<1,500 grams |
↓ |
= |
= |
= |
|
= |
| Maternal deaths per 100,000 live births |
↓ |
|
|
|
|
↓ |
| Immunization, Childhoodiv |
| Children 19-35 months who received all recommended vaccines |
↓ |
= |
|
↓ |
↓ |
↓ |
| Children 19-35 months who received 4 doses
of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTaP) vaccine |
↓ |
= |
|
↓ |
↓ |
↓ |
| Children 19-35 months who received 3 doses of
polio vaccine |
↓ |
= |
= |
= |
= |
= |
| Children 19-35 months who received 1 dose of
measles- mumps- rubella vaccine |
= |
= |
↑ |
↓ |
= |
↓ |
| Children 19-35 months who received 3 doses
of H. influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine |
↓ |
= |
↑ |
↓ |
= |
= |
| Children 19-35 months who received 3 doses
of hepatitis B vaccine |
↓ |
= |
|
↓ |
↓ |
= |
| Children 19-35 months who received 1 dose
of varicella vaccine |
= |
↑ |
|
= |
= |
↑ |
| Immunization, Adolescentv |
| Adolescents (13-15) who received 3 or more
doses of hepatitis B vaccine |
= |
|
|
|
= |
= |
| Adolescents (13-15) who received 2 or more
doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine |
↓ |
|
|
|
= |
↓ |
| Adolescents (13-15) who received 1 or more
doses of diphtheria-tetanus booster |
= |
|
|
|
= |
= |
| Adolescents (13-15) who received 1 or more
doses of varicella vaccine |
= |
|
|
|
|
= |
iCompared with whites.
iiCompared with non-Hispanic whites.
iii Source: National Vital Statistics System, 2001. This source did not collect information for >1 race.
ivSource: National Immunization Survey, 2002.
vSource: National Health Interview Survey, 2001.
Key: NHOPI=Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN=American Indian or Alaska Native
Table 2.6a. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Effectiveness of Care: Maternal and Child Health (continued)
| Measure |
Racial Differencei |
Ethnic Differenceii |
| Black |
Asian |
NHOPI |
AI/ AN |
>1 Race |
Hispanic |
| Treatment of Pediatric Gastroenteritisiii |
| Hospital admissions for pediatric gastroenteritis per
100,000 population |
=iii |
↑iii |
|
|
= |
| Childhood Screening and Counselingiv |
| Children who had their height and weight measured
by a doctor or other health provider |
= |
=iv |
↓ |
|
↓ |
| Children 2-17 with advice about physical activity |
= |
=iv |
↓ |
|
= |
| Children 2-17 with advice about eating healthy |
= |
=iv |
↓ |
|
↓ |
| Children 3-6 with a vision check |
↑ |
|
|
|
↓ |
| Children with advice to parent or guardian about
smoking in the house |
= |
↓iv |
= |
|
↑ |
| Children 0-40 lbs with advice to parent or guardian
about using child car safety seats |
= |
|
|
|
= |
| Children 40-80 lbs with advice to parent or guardian
about using booster seats |
= |
|
|
|
= |
| Children over 80 lbs with advice to parent or guardian
about using lap and shoulder belts |
= |
=iv |
|
|
= |
| Children 2-17 with advice about using helmets |
= |
=iv |
↓ |
|
= |
| Childhood Dental Careiv |
| Children 2-17 with a dental visit |
↓ |
↓iv |
↓ |
|
↓ |
iCompared with whites.
iiCompared with non-Hispanic whites.
iiiSource: HCUP State Inpatient Databases disparities analysis file, 2001. This source categorizes race/ethnicity very differently from other sources.
Race/ethnicity information is categorized as a single item: Non-Hispanic white, Non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander. These contrasts compare each group with non-Hispanic whites.
ivSource: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2001. This source did not collect information on Asians and NHOPIs separately but in aggregate. This source did not collect information for >1 race.
Key: NHOPI=Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN=American Indian or Alaska Native
Key to Symbols Used in Quality of Health Care Tables:
=: Group and comparison group receive about same quality of health care or have similar outcomes.
↑ Group receives better quality of health care than the comparison group or has better outcomes.
↓ Group receives poorer quality of health care than the comparison group or has worse outcomes.
Blank cell: Reliable estimate for group could not be made.
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