National Healthcare Disparities Report 2004: Table 2.10

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National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2004

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Racial and ethnic differences

Table 2.10a. Racial and Ethnic Differences in Patient Safety

Measure	Racial Differenceⁱ					Ethnic Differenceⁱⁱ
Measure	Black	Asian	NHOPI	AI/AN	>1 Race	Hispanic
Nosocomial Infections
Selected infections due to medical care per 1,000 dischargesⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ				=
Postoperative septicemia per 1,000 elective surgical discharges of 4 or more daysⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ	=ⁱⁱⁱ				↓
Medicare beneficiaries with central venous catheter-associated infection at insertion site^iv	=
Medicare beneficiaries with central venous catheter-associated blood stream infection^iv	=	ⁱⁱⁱ
Medicare beneficiaries with postoperative pneumonia ^iv	=
Medicare beneficiaries with postoperative urinary tract infection^iv	=
Medicare beneficiaries with ventilator-associated pneumonia^iv	=
Medicare beneficiaries with hospital-acquired blood stream infection^iv	=
Complications of Care
Postoperative hemorrhage or hematoma with surgical drainage or evacuation per 1,000 surgical dischargesⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ				↑
Postoperative pulmonary embolus or deep vein thrombosis per 1,000 surgical dischargesⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ				=
Postoperative respiratory failure per 1,000 elective surgical dischargesⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ				↓
Postoperative physiologic/metabolic derangements per 1,000 elective surgeriesⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ	=ⁱⁱⁱ				=
Complications of anesthesia per 1,000 surgical dischargesⁱⁱⁱ	↑ⁱⁱⁱ	=ⁱⁱⁱ				↑
Decubitus ulcers per 1,000 selected stays of 4 or more daysⁱⁱⁱ	↓ⁱⁱⁱ	↑ⁱⁱⁱ				↓
Postoperative hip fractures per 1,000 surgical discharges age 18+ yearsⁱⁱⁱ	↑ⁱⁱⁱ	=ⁱⁱⁱ				=
Medicare beneficiaries with postoperative pulmonary embolus or deep vein thrombosis^iv	↓
Injuries or Adverse Events Due to Care
Medicare beneficiaries with central venous catheter-associated mechanical complicationⁱⁱⁱ	=
Accidental laceration or puncture during procedure per 1,000 discharges^iv	=^iv	=^iv				↑
Iatrogenic pneumothorax per 1,000 relevant discharges^iv	=^iv	=^iv				↑
Reclosure of postoperative disruption of abdominal wall (postoperative abdominal wound dehiscence) per 1,000 abdominopelvic-surgery discharges	=^iv	↑^iv				↑
Foreign body left in during procedure per 1,000 discharges^iv	=^iv	=^iv				=
Birth Related Trauma^iv
Birth trauma injury to neonate per 1,000 selected live births	=^iv	=^iv				↑
Obstetric trauma per 1,000 instrument-assisted deliveries	↑^iv	=^iv				=
Obstetric trauma per 1,000 vaginal deliveries without instrument assistance	↑^iv	=^iv				↑
Obstetric trauma per 1,000 cesarean deliveries	=^iv	=^iv				↑
Potentially Avoidable Death^v
Deaths per 1,000 admissions in low-mortality DRGs	↓^iv	=^iv				=
Deaths per 1,000 discharges with complications potentially resulting from care (failure to rescue)	=^iv	↓^iv				=
Medication Safety^v
Persons with provider who does not usually ask about medications and treatments other doctors may give	↑	=^v		=		↑

ⁱ Compared with whites.
ⁱⁱ Compared with non-Hispanic whites.
ⁱⁱⁱ Source: Medicare Patient Safety Monitoring System, 2002.
^iv Source: HCUP SID disparities analysis file, 2001. This source categorizes race/ethnicity very differently from other sources. Race/ethnicity information is categorized as a single item: non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander. These contrasts compare each group with non-Hispanic whites.
^v Source: Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, 2001. This source did not collect information on Asians and NHOPIs separately but in aggregate as Asian or Pacific Islander. This source did not collect information for >1 race.
Key: NHOPI=Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN=American

Key to Symbols Used in Quality of Health Care Tables:
=: Group and comparison group receive about same quality of health care or have similar outcomes.
↑Group receives better quality of health care than the comparison group or has better outcomes.
↓Group receives poorer quality of health care than the comparison group or has worse outcomes.
Blank cell: Reliable estimate for group could not be made.

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