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Table 3: Adjusted Odds Ratios Indicating the Effects of Nurse Working Conditions on Patient Safety Outcomes
| Variable |
CLBSI
(n = 6385) |
CAUTI
(n = 6030) |
VAP
(n = 5462) |
30-d Mortality
(n = 15846) |
Decubitus Ulcer
(n = 9554) |
| OR |
95% CI |
OR |
95% CI |
OR |
95% CI |
OR |
95% CI |
OR |
95% CI |
| Administrative processes: nurse working conditions |
| Organizational climate |
1.19† |
1.05-1.36 |
0.61† |
0.44-0.83 |
1.03 |
0.79-1.34 |
0.97 |
0.90-1.02 |
1.06 |
0.83-1.37 |
| Staffing |
| Second quartile |
0.97 |
0.55-1.17 |
0.79 |
0.50-1.25 |
0.71 |
043-1.19 |
0.89 |
0.77-1.02 |
0.94 |
0.64-1.39 |
| Third quartile |
0.32† |
0.15-0.70 |
0.96 |
0.44-2.07 |
0.68 |
0.39-1.21 |
0.81† |
0.69-0.95 |
0.69* |
0.49-0.98 |
| Fourth quartile |
0.57 |
0.20-1.67 |
0.86 |
0.37-1.98 |
0.21† |
0.08-0.53 |
0.89 |
0.76-1.05 |
1.01 |
0.63-1.61 |
| Overtime |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Second quartile |
0.67 |
0.24-1.88 |
2.53‡ |
1.66-3.86 |
0.76 |
0.24-2.39 |
0.99 |
0.80-1.21 |
1.39 |
0.82-2.34 |
| Third quartile |
0.69 |
0.33-1.44 |
3.54‡ |
1.95-6.40 |
0.88 |
0.39-1.95 |
1.03 |
0.80-1.32 |
1.16 |
0.67-2.03 |
| Fourth quartile |
0.33† |
0.15-0.72 |
4.72‡ |
2.21-10.05 |
1.26 |
0.53-2.96 |
1.06 |
0.91-1.31 |
1.91* |
1.17-3.11 |
| Nurses' wages |
0.91 |
0.73-1.13 |
1.15 |
0.96-1.36 |
1.16 |
0.91-1.48 |
0.97 |
0.90-1.02 |
0.98 |
0.83-1.23 |
| Structures of care |
| Profit |
| Second quartile |
0.68 |
0.25-1.81 |
1.85* |
1.04-3.31 |
4.47‡ |
2.42-8.27 |
1.04 |
0.90-1.21 |
1.76* |
1.21-2.78 |
| Third quartile |
0.85 |
0.31-2.31 |
1.48 |
0.58-3.74 |
1.51 |
0.55-4.08 |
0.85 |
0.67-1.06 |
0.80 |
0.44-1.44 |
| Fourth quartile |
0.11‡ |
0.04-0.30 |
1.11 |
0.56-2.17 |
2.55† |
1.20-5.43 |
0.85 |
0.71-1.03 |
0.81 |
0.41-1.57 |
| Magnet |
0.67 |
0.30-1.50 |
0.74 |
0.23-2.29 |
1.04 |
0.23-4.71 |
0.92 |
0.73-1.17 |
1.57 |
0.93-2.65 |
| Pseudo R2 |
0.19‡ |
|
0.15‡ |
|
0.15‡ |
|
0.18‡ |
|
0.14‡ |
|
All models are estimated with robust standard errors clustering for intensive care unit. All models are adjusted for a comprehensive set of (1) patient characteristics, including severity of illness, comorbidities, demographics, and socioeconomic status, and (2) setting characteristics, including hospital size and teaching status and ICU type and case-mix.
Key: *P < 0.01; †P < 0.05; ‡P < 0.001.
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